Identifying Protein Complexes With Clear Module Structure Using Pairwise Constraints in Protein Interaction Networks.

The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks can be regarded as powerful platforms to elucidate the principle and mechanism of cellular organization. Uncovering protein complexes from PPI networks will lead to a better understanding of the science of biological function in cellular systems. In recent decades, numerous computational algorithms have been developed to identify protein complexes. However, the majority of them primarily concern the topological structure of PPI networks and lack of the consideration for the native organized structure among protein complexes. The PPI networks generated by high-throughput technology include a fraction of false protein interactions which make it difficult to identify protein complexes efficiently. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel semi-supervised protein complex detection model based on non-negative matrix tri-factorization, which not only considers topological structure of a PPI network but also makes full use of available high quality known protein pairs with must-link constraints. We propose non-overlapping (NSSNMTF) and overlapping (OSSNMTF) protein complex detection algorithms to identify the significant protein complexes with clear module structures from PPI networks. In addition, the proposed two protein complex detection algorithms outperform a diverse range of state-of-the-art protein complex identification algorithms on both synthetic networks and human related PPI networks.

Characteristics of Nosocomial Infections in Children Screened for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in China.

BACKGROUND This study summarizes the characteristics of children screened for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reports the case of 1 child who was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center and the cases of his family members. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 159 children who were admitted to our hospital from January 23 to March 20, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Samples from pharyngeal or/and anal swabs were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 within 12 h of patient admission; a second RT-PCR test was done 24 h after the first test. RESULTS Of the 159 patients, 151 patients had epidemiological histories, 14 patients had cluster onset, and 8 patients had no epidemiological history but had symptoms similar to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most common symptom was fever (n=125), followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. A 7-year-old boy in a cluster family from Wuhan was confirmed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection with ground-glass opacity shadows on his lung computed tomography scan, and his swab RT-PCR test had not turned negative until day 19 of his hospitalization. In patients who did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus were observed. A total of 158 patients recovered, were discharged, and experienced no abnormalities during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS For SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infections, taking a "standard prevention & contact isolation & droplet isolation & air isolation" strategy can prevent infection effectively. Children with clustered disease need close monitoring.